VISHNU

The History of the Internet

2008-10-18T22:29:00.002+05:30

The History of the Internet

1957:

The USSR launches Sputnik, the first artificial earth satellite. In response,the United States forms the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) within theDepartment of Defense (DoD) to establish US lead in science and technology applicable to the military.

1962:

RAND Paul Baran, of the RAND Corporation (a government agency), was commissioned by the U.S. Air Force to do a study on how it could maintain its command and control over its missiles and bombers, after a nuclear attack. This was to be a military research network that could survive a nuclear strike, decentralized so that if any locations (cities) in the U.S. were attacked, the military could still have control of nuclear arms for a counter-attack.

Baran's finished document described several ways to accomplish this. His final proposal was a packet switched network.

"Packet switching is the breaking down of data into datagrams or packets that are labeled to indicate the origin and the destination of the information and the forwarding of these packets from one computer to another computer until the information arrives at its final destination computer. This was crucial to the realization of a computer network. If packets are lost at any given point, the message can be resent by the originator."

1968:

ARPA awarded the ARPANET contract to BBN. BBN had selected a Honeywell minicomputer as the base on which they would build the switch. The physical network was constructed in 1969, linking four nodes: University of California at Los Angeles, SRI (in Stanford), University of California at Santa Barbara, and University of Utah. The network was wired together via 50 Kbps circuits.

1972:

The first e-mail program was created by Ray Tomlinson of BBN.

The Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) was renamed The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (or DARPA)

ARPANET was currently using the Network Control Protocol or NCP to transfer data. This allowed communications between hosts running on the same network.

1973:

Development began on the protocol later to be called TCP/IP, it was developed by a group headed by Vinton Cerf from Stanford and Bob Kahn from DARPA. This new protocol was to allow diverse computer networks to interconnect and communicate with each other.

1974:

First Use of term Internet by Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn in paper on Transmission Control Protocol.

1976:

Dr. Robert M. Metcalfe develops Ethernet, which allowed coaxial cable to move data extremely fast. This was a crucial component to the development of LANs.

The packet satellite project went into practical use. SATNET, Atlantic packet Satellite network, was born. This network linked the United States with Europe.Surprisingly, it used INTELSAT satellites that were owned by a consortium of countries and not exclusively the United States government.

UUCP (Unix-to-Unix CoPy) developed at AT&T Bell Labs and distributed with UNIX one year later.

The Department of Defense began to experiment with the TCP/IP protocol and soon decided to require it for use on ARPANET.

1979:

USENET (the decentralized news group network) was created by Steve Bellovin, a graduate student at University of North Carolina, and programmers Tom Truscott and Jim Ellis. It was based on UUCP.

The Creation of BITNET, by IBM, "Because its Time Network", introduced the "store and forward" network. It was used for email and listservs.

1981:

National Science Foundation created backbone called CSNET 56 Kbps network for institutions without access to ARPANET. Vinton Cerf proposed a plan for an inter-network connection between CSNET and the ARPANET.

1983:

Internet Activities Board (IAB) was created in 1983.

On January 1st, every machine connected to ARPANET had to use TCP/IP. TCP/IP became the core Internet protocol and replaced NCP entirely.

The University of Wisconsin created Domain Name System (DNS). This allowed packets to be directed to a domain name, which would be translated by the server database into the corresponding IP number. This made it much easier for people to access other servers, because they no longer had to remember numbers.

1984:

The ARPANET was divided into two networks: MILNET and ARPANET. MILNET was to serve the needs of the military and ARPANET to support the advanced research component, Department of Defense continued to support both networks.

Upgrade to CSNET was contracted to MCI. New circuits would be T1 lines,1.5 Mbps which is twenty-five times faster than the old 56 Kbps lines. IBM would provide advanced routers and Merit would manage the network. New network was to be called NSFNET (National Science Foundation Network), and old lines were to remain called CSNET.

1985:

The National Science Foundation began deploying its new T1 lines, which would be finished by

1986:

The Internet Engineering Task Force or IETF was created to serve as a forum for technical coordination by contractors for DARPA working on ARPANET, US Defense Data Network (DDN), and the Internet core gateway system.

1987:

BITNET and CSNET merged to form the Corporation for Research and Educational Networking (CREN), another work of the National Science Foundation.

1988:

Soon after the completion of the T1 NSFNET backbone, traffic increased so quickly that plans immediately began on upgrading the network again.

1990:

(Updated 8/2001) Merit, IBM and MCI formed a not for profit corporation called ANS, Advanced Network & Services, which was to conduct research into high speed networking. It soon came up with the concept of the T3, a 45 Mbps line. NSF quickly adopted the new network and by the end of 1991 all of its sites were connected by this new backbone.

While the T3 lines were being constructed, the Department of Defense disbanded the ARPANET and it was replaced by the NSFNET backbone. The original 50Kbs lines of ARPANET were taken out of service.

Tim Berners-Lee and CERN in Geneva implements a hypertext system to provide efficient information access to the members of the international high-energy physics community.

1991:

CSNET (which consisted of 56Kbps lines) was discontinued having fulfilled its important early role in the provision of academic networking service. A key feature of CREN is that its operational costs are fully met through dues paid by its member organizations.

The NSF established a new network, named NREN, the National Research and Education Network. The purpose of this network is to conduct high speed networking research. It was not to be used as a commercial network, nor was it to be used tosend a lot of the data that the Internet now transfers.

1992:

Internet Society is chartered.

World-Wide Web released by CERN.

NSFNET backbone upgraded to T3 (44.736Mbps)

1993:

InterNIC created by NSF to provide specific Internet services: directory and database services (by AT&T), registration services (by Network Solutions Inc.), and information services (by General Atomics/CERFnet).

Marc Andreessen and NCSA and the University of Illinois develops a graphical user interface to the WWW, called "Mosaic for X".

1994:

No major changes were made to the physical network. The most significant thing that happened was the growth. Many new networks were added to the NSF backbone.Hundreds of thousands of new hosts were added to the INTERNET during this time period.

Pizza Hut offers pizza ordering on its Web page.

First Virtual, the first cyberbank, opens.

ATM (Asynchronous Transmission Mode, 145Mbps) backbone is installed on NSFNET.

1995:

The National Science Foundation announced that as of April 30, 1995 it would no longer allow direct access to the NSF backbone. The National Science Foundationcontracted with four companies that would be providers of access to the NSF backbone (Merit). These companies would then sell connections to groups, organizations, and companies.

$50 annual fee is imposed on domains, excluding .edu and .gov domains which are still funded by the National Science Foundation.

1996

Most Internet traffic is carried by backbones of independent ISPs, including MCI, AT&T, Sprint, UUnet, BBN planet, ANS, and more.

Currently the Internet Society, the group that controls the INTERNET, is trying to figure out new TCP/IP to be able to have billions of addresses, rather than the limited system of today. The problem that has arisen is that it is not known how both the old and the new addressing systems will be able to work at the same time during a transition period.

(Note: The content of this guide was compiled in 1997. Obviously much has happened since this time. Please seek other resources for newer advancements.)

Ur's: Naga Vishnu Vardhan

Basic Questions

2008-10-06T19:35:00.001+05:30

Q. What is artificial intelligence?

A. It is the science and engineering of making intelligent machines, especially intelligent computer programs. It is related to the similar task of using computers to understand human intelligence, but AI does not have to confine itself to methods that are biologically observable.

Q. Yes, but what is intelligence?

A. Intelligence is the computational part of the ability to achieve goals in the world. Varying kinds and degrees of intelligence occur in people, many animals and some machines.

Q. Isn't there a solid definition of intelligence that doesn't depend on relating it to human intelligence?

A. Not yet. The problem is that we cannot yet characterize in general what kinds of computational procedures we want to call intelligent. We understand some of the mechanisms of intelligence and not others.

Q. Is intelligence a single thing so that one can ask a yes or no question ``Is this machine intelligent or not?''?

A. No. Intelligence involves mechanisms, and AI research has discovered how to make computers carry out some of them and not others. If doing a task requires only mechanisms that are well understood today, computer programs can give very impressive performances on these tasks. Such programs should be considered ``somewhat intelligent''.

Q. Isn't AI about simulating human intelligence?

A. Sometimes but not always or even usually. On the one hand, we can learn something about how to make machines solve problems by observing other people or just by observing our own methods. On the other hand, most work in AI involves studying the problems the world presents to intelligence rather than studying people or animals. AI researchers are free to use methods that are not observed in people or that involve much more computing than people can do.

Q. What about IQ? Do computer programs have IQs?

A. No. IQ is based on the rates at which intelligence develops in children. It is the ratio of the age at which a child normally makes a certain score to the child's age. The scale is extended to adults in a suitable way. IQ correlates well with various measures of success or failure in life, but making computers that can score high on IQ tests would be weakly correlated with their usefulness. For example, the ability of a child to repeat back a long sequence of digits correlates well with other intellectual abilities, perhaps because it measures how much information the child can compute with at once. However, ``digit span'' is trivial for even extremely limited computers.

However, some of the problems on IQ tests are useful challenges for AI.

Q. What about other comparisons between human and computer intelligence?

Arthur R. Jensen, a leading researcher in human intelligence, suggests ``as a heuristic hypothesis'' that all normal humans have the same intellectual mechanisms and that differences in intelligence are related to ``quantitative biochemical and physiological conditions''. I see them as speed, short term memory, and the ability to form accurate and retrievable long term memories.

Whether or not Jensen is right about human intelligence, the situation in AI today is the reverse.

Computer programs have plenty of speed and memory but their abilities correspond to the intellectual mechanisms that program designers understand well enough to put in programs. Some abilities that children normally don't develop till they are teenagers may be in, and some abilities possessed by two year olds are still out. The matter is further complicated by the fact that the cognitive sciences still have not succeeded in determining exactly what the human abilities are. Very likely the organization of the intellectual mechanisms for AI can usefully be different from that in people.

Whenever people do better than computers on some task or computers use a lot of computation to do as well as people, this demonstrates that the program designers lack understanding of the intellectual mechanisms required to do the task efficiently.

Ur's: Naga Vishnu Vardhan

History Of Titanic Ship

2008-10-05T20:49:00.004+05:30

టైటానిక్ నౌక

"వైట్ స్టార్ లైన్" అనే సంస్థ కోసం "హర్లాండ్ అండ్ వోల్ఫ్" అనే నౌకా నిర్మాణ సంస్థ తయారు చేసిన మూడు నౌకల్లో ఒకటి. 1912 లో దానిని మొదటిసారిగా ప్రవేశ పెట్టినపుడు ప్రపంచంలో కెల్లా అదే అతి పెద్ద ప్రయాణ నౌక. దాని మొదటి ప్రయాణంలోనే ఏప్రిల్ 15, 1912 వ తేదీన ప్రమాదవశాత్తూ ఒక మంచు కొండను ఢీకొని సముద్రంలో మునిగిపోయింది. 1517 మంది ప్రజలు మృత్యువాత పడ్డారు. దీనివలన ఇది అపకీర్తిని మూటగట్టుకోవడమే కాకుండా చరిత్రలో అతి దురదృష్టకరమైన సంఘటనలలో ఒకటిగా మిగిలిపోయింది.

దీని నిర్మాణంలో అప్పట్లో ఉండే అత్యాధునిక సాంకేతిక పరిజ్ఞానాన్ని ఉపయోగించడం వలన అది మునిగి పోవడం అసాధ్యం అని జనాలు నమ్మేవారు. కానీ అది మునిగిపోయి అపార ప్రాణనష్టాన్ని కలిగించడం చాలామందిని దిగ్భ్రాంతికి గురిచేసింది. టైటానిక్ బాధితుల గురించి మాధ్యమాల ప్రచారం, నౌకలో జరిగినట్లుగా చెబుతున్న ప్రధాన సంఘటనలు, ఆతరువాత కొత్తగా ప్రవేశపెట్టబడిన నౌకాయాన న్యాయ నియమాలు, 1985లో రాబర్ట్ బల్లార్డ్ నేతృత్వం లో కనుగొనబడిన టైటానిక్ అవశేషాలు, ఈ నౌకకు అత్యంత ప్రాముఖ్యతను సంపాదించి పెట్టాయి.

టైటానిక్ నౌక మొట్టమొదట మరియు చిట్టచివరి ప్రయాణం ఇంగ్లాండులోని సౌథాంప్టన్ నుంచి న్యూయార్క్ నగరం వరకూ సాగవలసినది. ఎడ్వర్డ్.జె.స్మిత్ నావికుడిగా ఈ ప్రయాణం, 1912, ఏప్రిల్ 10 బుధవారం ఆరంభమైంది. ఏప్రిల్ 14 ఆదివారం రాత్రి. చలికి దాదాపుగా గడ్డకట్టుకుపోయే ఉష్ణోగ్రత. ఆరోజు దారిలో భారీ మంచు పర్వతాలు ఉండవచ్చునని చేసిన హెచ్చరికలు దురదృష్టవశాత్తూ నౌకను నియంత్రించే బ్రిడ్జ్ గదికి చేరలేదు. రాత్రి సమయంలో టైటానిక్ నౌక పర్వతాన్ని గుద్దుకోవడంలో నౌక కుడి వైపు 300 అడుగుల పొడవు మేరకు రాపిడికి గురై రివెట్లను బయటపడేసింది. సముద్రపు నీరు ముందు భాగపు గదులను నింపేస్తుండటంతో వాటి తలుపు వాటంతట అవే మూసుకుపోయాయి. ఐదు కంపార్ట్ మెంట్లూ నీటితో నిండిపోవడం ప్రారంభించాయి. అప్పటి నియమాల ప్రకారం ఈ నౌకలో సరిపడా లైఫ్ బోట్లు ఉన్నా నౌకలోని ప్రయాణీకులందరికీ అవి సరిపడలేదు.

Ur's: Naga Vishnu Vardhan

LimeWire

2008-10-03T22:25:00.002+05:30

LimeWire

The world's leading file sharing software. It's not just about software, though: It's about the people using LimeWire and everything they're doing with it. As a start, we've organized the wiki around the different ways you can get involved.

Using LimeWire

Read the LimeWire User Guide. Wondering something? It's probably in our Frequently Asked Questions. Is LimeWire showing you an error message you don't understand? User Errors is a list of error messages LimeWire can produce, and what each means.

Check out Portable LimeWire, an edition that runs without setup so you can carry it with you.

Figured out how to do something cool with LimeWire? Create a guide and link it here. Or, share your idea for a new feature.

Making Skins and Graphics

LimeWire's Skin feature lets you choose a different color and appearance for the program you'll like even better. Just follow the steps to Get a Skin. Advanced users can Make a Skin.

Publishing Your Work with LimeWire

LimeWire lets anyone broadcast their creative content to the world. Musicians, filmmakers, artists, and students: Share how to create, license, publish, and promote your work in the Content Toolbox. Find out about new license options like Creative Commons.

Using P2P Software Legally and Safely

The Internet and peer-to-peer software are powerful tools. It's important to use them legally and safely. Share your stories to help build a powerful online resource on the law and politics surrounding this new technology in Legal P2P Support.

Everything Else

Just play around editing a page in the Sandbox. Follow the Style Guide, or edit it to make your own rules. Download the wiki data from Backup.

Want to downoad visit: http://www.limewire.com/download/

Ur's: Naga Vishnu Vardhan

Love is ... ..

2008-10-02T19:22:00.001+05:30

Love is like magic

And it always will be.

For love still remains

Life's sweet mystery!!

Love works in ways

That are wondrous and strange

And there's nothing in life

That love cannot change!!

Love can transform

The most commonplace

Into beauty and splendor

And sweetness and grace.

Love is unselfish,

Understanding and kind,

For it sees with its heart

And not with its mind!!

Love is the answer

That everyone seeks...

Love is the language,

That every heart speaks.

Love can't be bought,

It is priceless and free,

Love, like pure magic,

Is life's sweet mystery!!

Ur's: Naga Vishnu Vardhan

Vegetarianism {Mirror-2}

2008-09-26T20:57:00.002+05:30

VegetarianisM

Arthur E. Powell ...... of the Theosophical society.... has beautifully said the following:

“ A physical body nourished on impure food will produce a correspondingly impure astral body, whilst a physical body fed on clean food and drink will help to purify the astral vehicle.”

“ It is impossible to make the physical body coarse and at the same time to organize the astral and mental bodies for finer purposes... neither is it possible to have a pure physical body with impure mental and astral bodies. All three bodies are thus inter-dependent.”

Rashmi Uday singh wrote in “Times of India” the following:

“ Medical studies prove that a vegetarian diet is easier to digest, provides a wider range of nutrients and imposes fewer burdens and impurities on the body. The vegetarian elephant and horse demolish any apprehension about veggies being mental or physical weaklings. Other muscular and intelligent animals ... the cow, giraffe, zebra, rhinoceros, the apes and more ... are vegetarians too.”

Sri sathya sai baba

“ It is significant to note that those who live on vegetarian food are less prone to diseases, whereas non-vegetarians are subject to more diseases. Why? Because animal food is incompatible with the needs of the human body.”

Mikhail Naimy

“ To feed on death is to become food for death. To live by other's pain is to become a prey for pain. So has decreed the omni-will. Know that and choose your course ! ”

Leo Tolstoy

“ As long as there are slaughter houses, there will be battle fields. Avegetarian diet is the acid test of humanitarianism ! ”

Albert Einstein

“ It is both auspicious and peaceful for people to choose vegetarianism. ”

Ur's: Naga Vishnu Vardhan

Aptitude Questions {Mirror-3}

2008-09-25T21:01:00.005+05:30

1. There r some bees in a garden..1/5th of them went to a particular flower,1/3rd went to another flower,3 times the difference of the above two went to third flower..n one was remaining n it was roaming
around..how many bees were there?

Ans:15

2. Jim n Harry have the same number of marbles when they start playing..n then afterwards...Jim gains 20 marbles and later he loses 2/3rds of what he had..now Harry has 4 times as many marbles as Jim
has..What r the initial number of marbles that each of them had?

Ans:100 each

3. F,G,H,J,K are some juniors and P,Q,R,S are some seniors...and there are 3 communities Cultural,Recreation n Ethics..n each contained 3 members each..n each one was a member of only one committee..
i)F,Q are in Cultural committee.
ii)P is in recreation committee.
iii)J wont be in a committee where H or Q are there.
iv)G will be in recreation committe if S also works in recreation committee.
v)there will be atleast one senior in each committee.
vi)R wont be in a committee is S is there
In this 4 parts were there they gave some conditions and asked to choose from the options..

4. There was a community in which there were 1000 couples.In that 2/3rd of men who r taller r also heavier n 3/4th of the men who r heavier r also taller n there were 120 women who were both heavier n taller than men.So how many men r both taller n heavier than men?

5. A man drives with constant speed..n he after some time he sees a milestone with 2-digits..then he travels for an hr n sees the same 2 digits in reverse order..n then after an hr he sees that the
milestone has the same 2 digits with a 0 between them..so whats the man speed?

Ans:45km/hr

6. There were 2 systems A n B.14 degrees in A is equivalent to 36 in system B.and 133 in A is equivalent to 87 in B.now what is the temperature where they both r equal?

Ans:51.25 (conversion A=(7/3)B-70)

7.

X Y Z X Y Z
A B + A B -
------- ----- -------------
C D E F B G A
find X,Y,Z,G

8. A women buys some shoestrips n then 4 times of that she buys packet pins n then 8 times of shoestrips she buys handkerchiefs..n she has a bill of Rs3.24..n she pays for each article as many paise as there r articles(of tht particular item).Now whats the number of handkerchiefs?

Ans:16

9. Ms.Anitha got her salary n she spent half of it in shopping n gave 1RS to a beggar.After that 1/2 of the remaining money she spends in a hotel n she gives Rs.2/- as a tip to waiter.n then 1/2 of the remaining she spends again n she gives 3 RS as charity..n after thatfinally she is left with Rs 1/- when she comes out.Whats the actual money she had?

Rs 42/-

10. There r 2 children..one of them lies on Monday,wednesday n friday n tell truth on every other day.the other will lie on Tuesday,thursday n saturday.n always tells truth on other days..n both of them tell the truth on sundays.. then which of the following can be deduced?
i)If its a sunday both will say so
ii)if one of then says a correct day then other will lie everything.

Ur's: Naga Vishnu Vardhan

Aptitude Questions {Mirror-2}

2008-09-25T20:25:00.005+05:30

1. A software engineer returns from America. As he is fat he decided to have evening walk.....he started at 3pm. he walks along the road at 4km/hr for some time then he climbs a upward slope area at 3km/hr then downwards at the rate of 6km/hr. then back to the home through the road at 4km/hr. what is the distance he covered in one way if he reaches back home at 9pm.

2. men and lodge related question
a)1 man related to 2lodges.
b)each lodge has 3 men.
c)only 1 man common b/w 2 lodges

3. A child questions his father, "What is your father's age", to which the father answers "He was aged X in year X^2 (X square) ". If the context is 20th Century, What is his Date of Birth?

4. A man rides cycle for two third of the distance to be covered. then his tyre got punctured. he walks the rest of the distance and found he took twice the time for walking compared to riding. How fast he can ride compared to walk.

5. 51 teams are there and they are to play basketball matches. A team is out of the tournament if that looses 2 games. what is the maximum number of games to be played to decide one winner.

6. who was the murderer(of smith) roger,o'neil,wait the waiter poisened smith with which friend. each of the friends tells 3 stmts 1 of which is false (1 stmt of each friend is false)

7. Nalanda,Rampur, Triloknagar, Maninagar etc some conditions are given....then u have to find which has the population below 5 lakhs.. whic is not the capital 2 industrial towns,2 harbours,longitude relation,latitude relation......etc (four questions based on these)

8. Another one on A,B,C , D and E younger and older relation + occupation of each nutritionist, doctor,planner etc. find who is who ?

9. Two lamps sold for Rs.12 each profit of 25% on 1 and loss 0f 20% on other? did he gain or lose?by how much?

10. A,B,C are persons and thy r div into three groups: Sororrean [always truth] , Nororrean [always lie] and Midrorrean [alternate-but not in any order as they speak truth first of false first]--repaet from earlier papers.

Answers

1. Ans: 12 km (one way )( total distance:12* 2 = 24 km)
2. Ans: 6 men and 4lodges
3. Ans: 1892
4. Ans: V(riding)=4*V(walking)[4 times]
5. Ans:101 matches
6. Ans: Roger was the murderer.(not sure)
9. Ans:60 paise loss
10. Ans:A:midrorean B: nororrean C:sororrean

Ur's: Naga Vishnu Vardhan

Aptitude Questions {Mirror-1}

2008-09-25T20:14:00.003+05:30

1. One guy has Rs. 100/- in hand. He has to buy 100 balls. One football costs Rs. 15/, One Cricket ball costs Re. 1/- and one table tennis ball costs Rs. 0.25 He spend the whole Rs. 100/- to buy the balls. How many of each balls he bought?

2. The distance between Station Atena and Station Barcena is 90 miles. A train starts from Atena towards Barcena. A bird starts at the same time from Barcena straight towards the moving train. On reaching the train, it instantaneously turns back and returns to Barcena. The bird makes these journeys from Barcena to the train and back to Barcena continuously till the train reaches Barcena. The bird finally returns to Barcena and rests. Calculate the total distance in miles the bird travels in the following two cases:
(a) The bird flies at 90 miles per hour and the speed of the train is 60 miles per hour.
(b) the bird flies at 60 miles per hour and the speed of the train is 90 miles per hour

3. A tennis championship is played on a knock-out basis, i.e., a player is out of the tournament when he loses a match.
(a) How many players participate in the tournament if 15 matches are totally played?
(b) How many matches are played in the tournament if 50 players totally participate?

4. When I add 4 times my age 4 years from now to 5 times my age 5 years from now, I get 10 times my current age. How old will I be 3 years from now?

5. A rich merchant had collected many gold coins. He did not want anybody to know about them. One day, his wife asked, "How many gold coins do we have?" After pausing a moment, he replied, "Well! If I divide the coins into two unequal numbers, then 37 times the difference between the two numbers equals the difference between the squares of the two numbers." The wife looked puzzled. Can you help the merchant's wife by finding out how many gold R

6. A set of football matches is to be organized in a "round-robin" fashion, i.e., every participating team plays a match against every other team once and only once. If 21 matches are totally played, how many teams participated?

7. Glenn and Jason each have a collection of cricket balls. Glenn said that if Jason would give him 2 of his balls they would have an equal number; but, if Glenn would give Jason 2 of his balls, Jason would have 2 times as many balls as Glenn. How many balls does Jason have?

8. Suppose 8 monkeys take 8 minutes to eat 8 bananas.
(a) How many minutes would it take 3 monkeys to eat 3 bananas?
(b) How many monkeys would it take to eat 48 bananas in 48 minutes

9. It was vacation time, and so I decided to visit my cousin's home. What a grand
time we had! In the mornings, we both would go for a jog. The evenings were spent on the tennis court. Tiring as these activities were, we could manage only one per day, i.e., either we went for a jog or played tennis each day. There were days when we felt lazy and stayed home all day long. Now, there were 12 mornings when we did nothing, 18 evenings when we stayed at home, and a total of 14 days when we jogged or played tennis. For how many days did I stay at my cousin's place?

10. A 31" x 31" square metal plate needs to be fixed by a carpenter on to a wooden board. The carpenter uses nails all along the edges of the square such that there are 32 nails on each side of the square. Each nail is at the same distance from the neighboring nails. How many nails does the carpenter use?

Answer and Explanation.

1. F + C + T = 100-------------eq1
15F + C + 0.25T = 100-------------eq2
eq1=eq2 .solve to get F=3T/56 ;F=3,T=56,C=41

2. a) There is no need to consider their meeting pt at all.the train has been running for 90miles/(60miles/hr)=1.5hrs.bird flies till train reaches destination frm strting pt.so bird flies for1.5hrs at the vel given(90).so dist=1.5*90=135miles

b) time of train=1hr.so dist of bird=60*1=60miles

3. (a) u don't need to sum it up.since it's a knock out only 1 person emerges winner finally.so15+1=16is answer.becos after15 matches finally we shud've 15losers and 1winner.

(b) 49:its always one less than no of players as per the idea given above.so no need to check okay cos its always true.ans is 49.

4. Let x= current age
4(x+4)+5(x+5)=10x ;so x=R 41 years

5. 37(x-y)=x^2-y^2. u no tht x^2-y^2=(x-y)(x+y).so (x-y) cancels on both sides to give x+y=37.so sum of unequal halves=37 which is the req answer.

6. R ans:7 teams okay.for a match u need 2 teams.suppose there r totally 'n 'teams.
Now uve to choose 2 teams out of 'n' teams.so answer =no of such choices=no. of possible combinations. So we've ans = nC2(ncombination2)=21;solve to get n=7.
Sol: n(n-1)/2=21. so n=7.if u don't understand c the graph below
each team plays no. of matches=no of teams ahead of it. One bar '|' represents one team.
| | | | | | | ------------7
6 5 4 3 2 1 0 -----------21
last team is written as 0 matches becos this team has already played with all other teams-hence sum of matches =6+5+4+3+2+1=21 which is correct only if no of teams =7

7. R 14
1. G+2=j-2
2. 2(G-2)=J+2.
solve these 2 to get
J=14

8. a). Sol:each mky takes 8 min to eat a banana

b).ans:8m=48 m=6

9. Use sets and venn diagram to solve such questions.a,b ,aub,anb etc.
12=tennis+leave
18=jog +leave
so jog-tennis=6
again jog+tennis=14.so solve and get jog=10,leave=8,tennis=4.so tot=22

10. Ans= 32*2 + 30*2=124

Ur's: Naga Vishnu Vardhan

Vegetarianism

2008-09-11T20:58:00.003+05:30

Sri Krishna

Every one in the business: the one who abets, the one who cuts, the one who kills, the one who sells, the one who prepares, the one who eats ... all are killers !

Gautama Buddha

For fear of causing terror to living beings... let the Bodhisatva who is disciplining himself to attain compassion refrain from eating flesh !

Mahatma Gandhi

The greatness of a nation and its moral progress can be judged by the way its animals are treated.

Ur's: Naga Vishnu Vardhan

Ubuntu

2008-08-28T15:05:00.006+05:30

About Ubuntu

Ubuntu is a community developed, Linux-based operating system that is perfect for laptops, desktops and servers. It contains all the applications you need - a web browser, presentation, document and spreadsheet software, instant messaging and much more.

Ubuntu Desktop Edition

With Ubuntu Desktop Edition you can surf the web, read email, create documents and spreadsheets, edit images and much more. Ubuntu has a fast and easy graphical installer right on the Desktop CD. On a typical computer the installation should take you less than 25 minutes.

Ubuntu Server Edition

The Ubuntu Server Edition - built on the solid foundation of Debian which is known for its robust server installations — has a strong heritage for reliable performance and predictable evolution.

Ubuntu promise

Ubuntu will always be free of charge, including enterprise releases and security updates.
Ubuntu comes with full commercial support from Canonical and hundreds of companies around the world.
Ubuntu includes the very best translations and accessibility infrastructure that the free software community has to offer.
Ubuntu CDs contain only free software applications; we encourage you to use free and open source software, improve it and pass it on.

You can get Ubuntu from hear... http://www.ubuntu.com/getubuntu

Ur's: Naga Vishnu Vardhan

Friendship Quotations (Part 1)

2008-08-28T11:21:00.005+05:30

Hello friends.. this are all small friendship quotations for making friends.

Your heart is a beautiful garden and my friendship is a small rose in Ur garden.. plz do not pluck that rose for any reason…

If God give me 24hr before death, I will spend 23.55minutes with u, and in d last 5mins I will press u r neck, lets go 2gether, that’s true friendship.

Care is the sweetest from of love. When someone says take care it really means that u will stay in their heart till its last beat. So “TAKE CARE”

Sometimes u missed me.

But most of the times I do.

Sometimes u sms me. But most of the time I do.

Sometimes u forget me.

“That’s the only thing,

“I never ever do”

Friendship is not just a word, but its another world. A world of love, faith, care,loyalty and happiness. U r a big part of that world, to me..!

Lovely message for
Lovely person from a
Lovely friend for a
Lovely reason at a
Lovely time from a
Lovely mind in a
Lovely mood in a
Lovely style! Have a lovely day

Hai moon!
Please dim your light.
Hello earth wind!
Breez soft ma.
Hey folwer!
Blossom slowly ma.
Hello earth!
Spin gentl

Because my friend is sleeping

When u are up in life,
Your friends get to know who really are. But when u are down in life, u get to know who your friends really are!

Heart is a crystal preserve it, love is a perfume spread it, feelings are floods let it flow… friendship is an umbrella lets share

B a POET whn ur alone
B a KING whn u command
B a SLAVE whn u work
B a LOVER whn uc art
B a HISTORY whn u die
&
B my FRIEND until die

A coin is easy to earn. But a cute friend is hard to find. I loss a coin for this msg. but gained an Effect ion of priceless friend like u…!

When I accepted u to my life I have forgotten a 4 letter word food a 3 letter word joy a 2 letter word it’s me. But I remember only a 1 letter u which gives all the above things for me

Hot coffee!

///
C|”””|
Specially4u. I mixed with 1 tbsp of luck, 2 tbsp of hope & 3 tbsp of smiles. It’ll make u happy.

Sum times u missed me but most of d time I do.
Sum times u sms me! But most of d time I do!
Sum times u 4get me!! “That’s the only thing”

Sweet is u r nature
Dear is u r name
Close to my heart u will always remain.
As earth wants water, flower wants dew, I want nothing but happiness of **** u **** really……..

5STARS message for a DAIRY milk person from a ECLAIRS friend for a MELODY reason at a KIT KAT time on a MUNCH day in a perk mood to say “CHOCOLATY NIGHT”

Some moments never be passed, some feelings never be stolen, some memory never be hidden, some sweet persons just like you never be forgotten….

At any time in life if u get a doubt about our friendship take a coin &toss if it is head I’m u ‘s friend if it is tail u r my friend …

Stones r many but diamonds r rare..
Tears r many but smiles r rare..
Hearts r many but love is rare..
Friends r many but like u r rare..

Wanted: True frnd.
Eligibility: loving& caring.
Experience: using cell phone.
Duty: sms & call to me.
Salary: my affection.
Placement: in my heart………….

Ur's: Naga Vishnu Vardhan

Fedora 9

2008-08-28T07:55:00.001+05:30

What's new in Fedora 9 ?

Fedora is a Linux-based operating system that showcases the latest in free and open source software. Fedora is always free for anyone to use, modify, and distribute. It is built by people across the globe who work together as a community

So want to download visit WWW.fedoraproject.org

Ur's: Naga Vishnu Vardhan